Reactive investment strategies

Asset liability management is a key aspect of the operation of all financial institutions. In this endeavor, asset allocation is considered the most important element of investment management. Asset allocation strategies may be static, and as such are usually assessed under asset models of various degrees of complexity and sophistication. In recent years attention has turned to dynamic strategies, which promise to control risk more effectively.In this paper we present a new class of dynamic asset strategy, which respond to actual events. Hence they are referred to as ‘reactive’ strategies. They cannot be characterized as a series of specific asset allocations over time, but comprise rules for determining such allocations as the world evolves. Though they depend on how asset returns and other financial variables are modeled, they are otherwise objective in nature.The resulting strategies are optimal, in the sense that they can be shown to outperform all other strategies of their type when no asset allocation constraints are imposed. Where such constraints are imposed, the strategies may be demonstrated to be almost optimal, and dramatically more effective than static strategies.     

Lévy random bridges and the modelling of financial information

The information-based asset-pricing framework of Brody-Hughston-Macrina (BHM) is extended to include a wider class of models for market information. To model the information flow, we introduce a class of processes called Lévy random bridges (LRBs), generalising the Brownian bridge and gamma bridge information processes of BHM. Given its terminal value at T, an LRB has the law of a Lévy bridge. We consider an asset that generates a cash-flow X_T at T. The information about X_T is modelled by an LRB with terminal value X_T. The price process of the asset is worked out, along with the prices of options.     

有交易费市场中套利问题的注记

对有交易费的资产模型,本文引入了市场有套利机会的一般定义,并利用辅助鞅和资产折算函数方法,讨论了无套利市场的基本性质,即在可允许投资策略下市场不存在套利机会.     

客户企业参与下服务外包激励机制设计

服务外包下,由于客户企业参与程度、服务提供商的努力水平以及专用性资产投入水平都难以让合作双方有效验证,这三种不可验证性风险因素可能引发道德风险,从而降低服务外包的绩效,甚至导致服务外包的失败。为此,本文建立了服务外包下的委托—代理框架,设计了客户企业参与下的服务外包激励机制模型,运用最优化理论分析了客户企业的参与程度以及服务提供商的专用性资产投入水平等因素对激励机制契约设计的影响,并运用数值仿真验证客户企业参与程度和服务提供商专用性资产投入水平对激励系数和服务提供商的努力水平的影响。研究分析表明:在服务外包活动中客户企业更多的投入到合作生产中时,对服务提供商的激励也会增加但是增加的幅度较慢,同时服务提供商付出的努力将会加速的提高;服务提供商投入的专用性资产投入水平越高时,其自身的努力水平也会加速增长,客户企业对其的激励系数也会增长,当专用性资产投入水平达到某一程度时,激励系数增长速度达到最大。     

基于推广多因子模型的资产动态配置研究——以上证A股为例

考虑投资者关于市场的观点,并用椭球分布替代正态分布作为资产收益和投资者观点分布导出推广的多因子模型(EMFM).采集2015年1月5日到2018年9月11日上证A股中分列于11个行业共828只股票的日收益率及其相关指标,采用5个系统风险因子,在3种常用风险指标下应用EMFM对该高数据进行动态建模并做资产配置分析.实证结果显示:从回溯期内的收益表现来看,使用自由度为3的多维t分布,一种特殊的椭球分布,即便合并简单的绝对观点的EMFM在SD风险指标下的组合都优于马科维兹组合的情形,同时也优于其使用VaR和CVaR的情形,且所有组合都优于上证指数的情形.     

金融摩擦、资本配置与资产泡沫的演化机理——基于微观群体行为的演化博弈分析

构建企业家和贷款人的非对称演化搏弈模型,分析金融摩擦约束下代理人群体决策与资产泡沫的联系,探索资产泡沫产生的微观机理。研究发现:金融摩擦对代理人群体的影响是异质的,但都会导致资本配置扭曲;资产泡沫产生是代理人在金融摩擦冲击下,个体短期非理性在羊群效应和传染效应作用下引致的群体非理性;贷款人对资本高租金追求是资本泡沫产生的根源,但企业家为资产泡沫膨胀提供了资本支持;资产泡沫产生源于经济个体的最大化目标与宏观经济发展目标的背离。金融摩擦为资产泡沫产生提供了外生条件,切断资产泡沫产生路径的有效方式是提高金融市场效率和完善金融市场功能。     

循环效应及其在能源消耗与经济增长关系中的实证分析

一些变量相互影响,在相互作用过程中可能形成循环效应,已有研究表明能源消耗与经济增长呈正相关或存在双向因果关系;现做进一步深入研究,目的是研究能源消耗与经济增长之间的相互作用路径,即循环效应.包括技术进步在此循环过程中的中介效应,固定资产投资在此循环过程中的调节作用;采用二阶最小二乘(2LS)算法进行模型估计.采集1990-2012年数据,进行循环过程中的中介效应检验和有中介的调节效应检验.实证表明能源消耗和经济增长之间存在循环效应,技术进步在能源消耗和经济增长之间起循环的中介作用;固定资产投资在能源消耗引起经济增长过程中的调节作用部分地通过技术进步发挥作用,在经济增长引起能源消耗过程中的调节作用完全地通过技术进步发挥作用.     

Mean–variance asset–liability management with asset correlation risk and insurance liabilities

Consider an insurer who invests in the financial market where correlations among risky asset returns are randomly changing over time. The insurer who faces the risk of paying stochastic insurance claims needs to manage her asset and liability by taking into account of the correlation risk. This paper investigates the impact of correlation risk to the optimal asset–liability management (ALM) of an insurer. We employ the Wishart process to model the stochastic covariance matrix of risky asset returns. The insurer aims to minimize the variance of the terminal wealth given an expected terminal wealth subject to the risk of paying out random liabilities of compound Poisson process. This ALM problem then becomes a linear–quadratic stochastic optimal control problem with stochastic volatilities, stochastic correlations and jumps. The recognition of an affine form in the solution process enables us to derive the explicit closed-form solution to the optimal ALM portfolio policy, obtain the efficient frontier, and identify the condition that the solution is well behaved.     

Risky asset allocation and consumption rule in the presence of background risk and insurance markets

This study examines joint decisions regarding risky asset allocation and consumption rate for a representative agent in the presence of background risk and insurance markets. Contrary to the conclusion of the “mutual fund separation theorem”, we show that the optimal risky asset mix will reflect an agent’s risk attitude as long as background risk is not independent of investment risk. This result can, however, be used to solve the “riskyasset allocation puzzle”. We also unveil that optimal insurance to shift background risk is determined through establishing a hedging portfolio against investment risk and is an arrangement maintaining the balance between growth and volatility of expected consumption. Because the optimal insurance we obtain generally leads to a smoother consumption path, it may plausibly explain the “equity premium puzzle” in the financial literature.     

审计委员会的设立与公司治理——基于审计收费的实证研究

采用非参数检验方法和回归分析方法,本文从审计费用率视角研究了审计委员会的设立对上市公司治理的影响。本文发现,在设立审计委员会的样本和未设立审计委员会的样本之间,董事会的规模和独立性、独立董事规模和报酬存在显著差异,且这些变量及独立董事规模、审计任期与审计费用率的相关性不同。结果表明,审计委员会在加强独立董事责任和董事会、外部审计师独立性的同时,也改善了公司内部控制系统,但整体上并没有改变审计师的任期。